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Dividend Metrics Glossary
A plain-language reference for the terms and formulas used throughout this calculator. Understanding these metrics is the foundation of building a durable, growing passive income stream.
Dividend Yield
The annual dividend per share divided by the current share price, expressed as a percentage. It tells you the cash income you would earn over the next year if you bought the stock today at its current price.
Annual Dividend per Share ÷ Share Price × 100
Yield on Cost (YoC)
The current annual dividend divided by your original cost basis per share. As a company raises its dividend, your YoC rises even if the share price and current market yield stay flat — a measure of your personal income growth.
Current Annual Dividend per Share ÷ Original Cost Basis × 100
Dividend Reinvestment Plan (DRIP)
A program that automatically uses cash dividends to purchase additional shares of the same stock. Each new share then generates its own dividends, producing exponential rather than linear income growth over time.
Dividend Growth Rate
The annualized rate at which a company increases its dividend payment. A lower current yield paired with a high growth rate can produce more lifetime income than a high yield that never grows.
((Ending Dividend ÷ Beginning Dividend) ^ (1 ÷ Years)) − 1
Payout Ratio
The percentage of a company earnings paid out as dividends. A ratio below 60% generally signals a sustainable dividend with room to grow; ratios above 80% can signal risk of a cut if earnings decline.
Annual Dividend per Share ÷ Earnings per Share × 100
Ex-Dividend Date
The cutoff date by which you must own shares to receive the next dividend. Buy on or after the ex-dividend date and you will not receive the upcoming payment; buy before it and you will.
Record Date
The date the company checks its books to determine which shareholders receive a dividend. Because trades settle in one business day, the record date typically falls one day after the ex-dividend date.
Dividend Aristocrats
S&P 500 companies that have raised their dividends for 25 or more consecutive years. They are valued for durable business models and a demonstrated commitment to returning capital to shareholders through every market cycle.
Dividend Kings
Companies that have raised their dividends for 50 or more consecutive years — an even more selective group than Aristocrats. The extended streak reflects decades of consistent free cash flow and disciplined capital allocation.
Qualified Dividends
Dividends from most U.S. and qualifying foreign corporations, held for a minimum holding period, that are taxed at long-term capital gains rates (commonly 15%) rather than higher ordinary income rates.
Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)
The smoothed annual rate at which a value grows over a period. In dividend projections, CAGR describes the steady rate that would take a starting balance to its ending value, ignoring year-to-year volatility.
(Ending Value ÷ Beginning Value) ^ (1 ÷ Years) − 1
This glossary is for educational purposes only and does not constitute financial, legal, or investment advice.